In large Japanese companies, workers are normally assigned to a work group, and tasks are assigned to the work group rather than to the individual worker. Each work group of about 3 to 20 members has a designated head or boss. All of the members, including the boss, are usually rotated to different work groups every few years. Thus the work group has a constantly changing membership, and it also serves as a first promotion and leadership training post for its head.Most of a work group’s work is carried out in this context, by employees who must cooperate with each other. They will be evaluated on their ability to work together. Work groups are given considerable latitude and responsibility to plan and carry out their assigned tasks as they see fit. Incentives and rewards are generally given to the work group rather than to the individual, further encouraging cooperation.While work groups are the norm for office work in Japan, they are also used in some factories, where a group of workers is assigned collective responsibility for producing or assembling a product and checking its quality. The whole group is responsible for, and evaluated on, its ability to produce products without errors.